Insulin

The following will give you information on the different types of insulin you may be prescribed for your diabetes. The graphs all show the action of the insulin against the number of hours that have passed since it was injected.

Quick-acting insulin 

Quick-acting insulin is usually taken before meals. There are two different types of quick-acting insulin, both of which are clear in appearance:

• Soluble – this type of insulin comes from human or animal insulin-producing cells
• Analogue – this is a newer type of insulin that is synthetic and is produced in a lab

Quick-acting soluble insulin

The following are the different types of soluble insulin you may be prescribed.

• Actrapid
• Humulin S
• Hypurin Porcine Neutral
• Insuman Rapid

After the insulin has been injected it is absorbed into your bloodstream and starts to work within 30 minutes, peaking between 2 and 4 hours after injection and lasting for up to 8 hours. You normally inject these types of insulin 20–30 minutes before you have your main meal.

Quick-acting analogue insulin

The following are the different types of quick-acting analogue insulin you may be prescribed.

• Humalog
• Novorapid
• Apidra

This may be prescribed instead of soluble insulin as it acts more quickly and disappears from your system more quickly, reducing the risk of you having a hypoglycaemic episode (a ‘hypo’) after your meal when you have already digested your food.

It should ideally be injected 10–15 minutes before meals. It begins to work within 15 minutes, peaking between 50 and 90 minutes after injection. It can continue to have an effect on blood glucose for 2 to 5 hours, depending on the dose injected.

Long-acting insulin

Isophane insulin

The following are the different types of isophane insulin you may be prescribed.

• Insulatard
• Humulin I
• Hypurin Porcine Isophane
• Insuman Basal

Isophane insulins are cloudy in appearance, and you need to mix them before you inject them. These insulins are often taken twice daily – in the morning and again at bedtime, although some people only need to take them once a day. They begin to work 2 hours after injection, peaking between 4 and 6 hours after injection. They continue to have an effect on blood glucose for 8 to 14 hours.

Long-acting analogue insulin

The following are the different types of long-acting analogue insulin you may be prescribed.

• Levemir (can be taken once or twice daily)

• Lantus (usually taken once a day, sometimes twice a day)

Long-acting analogue insulins are clear in colour, can be used instead of isophane insulins and last longer. They begin to work 2 hours after injection and last for 18–24 hours.

Mixed insulins

These insulins are a mixture of quick-acting and longer-acting insulins and come in various proportions.

Mixed human insulin

The following are the different types of mixed human insulin you may be prescribed.

• Humulin M3
• Insuman Comb 15
• Insuman Comb 25
• Insuman Comb 50

They are usually taken twice daily and injected approximately 30 minutes before breakfast and the evening meal.

Mixed analogue insulin

The following are the different types of mixed analogue insulin you may be prescribed.

• Novomix 30
• Humalog mix 50
• Humalog mix 25

Mixed analogue insulin has a quicker action. This type of insulin is usually taken twice daily (although Humalog mix 50 may be taken three times daily if recommended by your diabetes care team) and injected 5 to 15 minutes before eating. Some people, however, prefer to take this type of insulin with or after food.

Useful resources

For information on how to inject insulin, see Injecting Insulin.

For further reading, have a look at Diabetes UK information on insulin.